{"id":1198,"date":"2024-05-28T22:07:27","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T22:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/siglo21.cr.sinlimitescr.xyz\/?p=1198"},"modified":"2024-05-28T22:18:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T22:18:59","slug":"generalidades-sobre-nutricion-del-paciente-con-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/siglo21.cr\/eng\/2024\/05\/28\/generalidades-sobre-nutricion-del-paciente-con-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"General Information about Nutrition for Cancer Patients"},"content":{"rendered":"
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General Information about Nutrition for Cancer Patients\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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By: Dr. Meyryn Carrillo <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Physician and Surgeon, Master in Clinical and Oncological Nutrition.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Calidad\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Diet is an important part of cancer treatment. By maintaining proper nutrition before, during and after your treatment you will feel better and have more strength to perform daily tasks. People with cancer often need to follow a different diet than what is considered healthy. For most people, a healthy diet consists of eating:<\/p>

  • Lots of fruit, vegetables and whole grain bread and cereals<\/li>
  • Little meat and dairy products<\/li>
  • Small amounts of fat, sugar, alcohol and salt<\/li><\/ul>

    However, when you have cancer, you need to eat to maintain your energy in order to overcome the side effects of the treatment. When health is good, it is usually not a problem to eat enough food. But, when faced with cancer and treatment, this can be a real challenge.<\/p>

    When we talk about the medical term \u201cintra-fraction elongated intervals,\u201d we are referring to the time separation between radiation doses within a treatment. Administration of fractionated doses allows normal cells time to repair damage caused by radiation, while cancer cells, which often have a more limited repair capacity, can accumulate damage and eventually die (Shibamoto, Miyakawa, Otsuka , & Iwata, 2016).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    People experience different emotions and physical reactions before, during and after cancer treatment. Good nutrition is very important for patients diagnosed with any type of cancer because it helps them feel better, cope better with the recommended medical treatment, and fight the disease. There are times when a person cannot consume an adequate diet, which can cause weight loss and general weakness.<\/p>

    When cancer is diagnosed, the doctor may recommend one of these treatments, such as: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal and biological therapy (immunotherapy), or some combination of these. All of these methods have side effects that can affect a person's getting adequate nutrition including:<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    SIDE EFFECTS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    • Loss of Appetite<\/li>
    • Changes in Taste and Smell<\/li>
    • Weight Loss or Gain<\/li>
    • Nausea and Vomiting<\/li>
    • Mouth or Throat Irritation<\/li>
    • Diarrhea<\/li>
    • Dryness in the mouth<\/li>
    • Lactose intolerance<\/li>
    • Dental and Gum Problems<\/li>
    • Constipation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Whether you experience these side effects will depend on many factors, including the type of cancer, the part of the body that was treated, and the type, duration, and dose of treatment. Some eating problems are caused by the treatment itself, but sometimes they are a result of the person feeling upset, worried or scared. While you are undergoing treatment for cancer, you should consult with a Nutritionist to make specific recommendations about adequate nutrition.<\/p>

      To obtain better nutrition, some general dietary recommendations can be followed, depending on the side effect:<\/p>

      Loss of Appetite:<\/b><\/span> It is recommended to consume small and frequent meals. You should have snacks high in calories and protein within reach, to consume them when you feel hungry. Example: Turrialba Cheese or Peanut Butter with non-dairy Crackers, Low-fat Yogurt or Nuts.<\/p>

      Weightloss:<\/b><\/span> It is recommended to follow the recommendations when there is loss of appetite.<\/p>

      Weight gain:<\/strong> <\/span>It is important to notify the doctor because it can often be fluid retention (edema). Whether it is fluid retention or body weight gain, you should consult with the Nutritionist.<\/p>

      Mouth or Throat Irritation<\/b>:<\/span> You should consult your doctor to make sure it is not a dental problem. Eat soft foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Example: Some types of Smoothies, Bananas, Pureed or Canned Fruits, Nectars, Low-fat Yogurt, Mashed Potatoes, Macaroni in natural tomato sauce, Jellies, Flans with lactose-free and skim milk, Scrambled Eggs, Hot Cereals, Pureed Vegetables , Meat Purees etc.<\/p>

      Dryness in Mouth:<\/b><\/span> It is recommended to take a sip of water every 5 or 10 minutes so you can swallow better. You should consume sweet or acidic drinks, such as lemonade, suck on candy, lollipops or chewing gum to produce more saliva. Sauces and dressings can be added to foods and consumed pureed to make them easier to swallow.<\/p>

      Changes in Taste and Smell:<\/b><\/span> You may experience a bitter or metallic taste in foods, especially meats or other high-protein foods. Additionally, many foods may feel less flavorful. You should choose the most attractive foods to see and smell. If you do not want to consume beef or pork because of the flavor you feel, you can consume white meats such as poultry, fresh fish with little odor, eggs or dairy products. Foods can be marinated in sweet fruit juices, Italian dressing, or sweet and sour sauce. If you are experiencing discomfort from odors, it is recommended to serve food at room temperature.<\/p>

      Nausea and Vomiting:<\/b> <\/span>You should ask your doctor about medications called antiemetics that can help control nausea and vomiting. It is recommended to avoid foods high in fat, spicy, acidic, very sweet and with a strong smell. Less liquids should be taken with meals. Take small sips of liquids throughout the day.<\/p>

      Diarrhea<\/b>:<\/span> You should consult your doctor to identify the cause of diarrhea in order to treat it successfully. It is recommended to drink large amounts of fluids to replace lost water. Instead of eating three large meals, you should eat small meals throughout the day and avoid foods high in fat and irritants.<\/p>

      Constipation:<\/b> <\/span>It is recommended to drink at least 8 8-ounce glasses a day and consume foods high in fiber, such as: Whole Grain Breads and Cereals, Dried and Fresh Fruits with Skin, Fresh Vegetables, Potatoes with Skin, Beans, Beans and Chickpeas. It is important to consult your doctor beforehand since, depending on the treatment, some foods are excluded from the diet.<\/p>

      When cancer is diagnosed, it is very important to undergo appropriate treatment following the recommendations of the Doctor and Nutritionist.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      *This information does not constitute or replace a diet. Always consult your Doctor or Nutritionist *<\/p>

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      \u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Generalities on Nutrition of the Cancer Patient By: Dr. Meyryn Carrillo Physician and Surgeon, Master in Clinical and Oncological Nutrition. Diet is an important part of cancer treatment. By maintaining proper nutrition before, during and after your treatment you will feel better and have more strength to perform daily tasks. People with cancer often need to follow a different diet than what is considered healthy. For most people, a healthy diet consists of eating: Lots of fruit, vegetables, and whole-grain breads and cereals Little amounts of meat and dairy products Small amounts of fat, sugar, alcohol, and salt However, when you have cancer, you need to eat to maintain energy in order to overcome the side effects of treatment. When health is good, it is generally not a problem to eat enough food. But, when faced with cancer and treatment, this can be a real challenge. When we talk about the medical term \u201cintra-fraction elongated intervals,\u201d we are referring to the time separation between radiation doses within a treatment. Administration of fractionated doses allows normal cells time to repair damage caused by radiation, while cancer cells, which often have more limited repair capacity, can accumulate damage and eventually die (Shibamoto, Miyakawa, Otsuka , & Iwata, 2016). People experience different emotions and physical reactions before, during and after cancer treatment. Good nutrition is very important for patients diagnosed with some type of cancer because it helps them feel better, cope better with the recommended medical treatment, and fight the disease. There are times when the person cannot consume an adequate diet, which can cause weight loss and general weakness. When cancer is diagnosed, the doctor may recommend one of these treatments, such as: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal and biological therapy (immunotherapy), or some combination of these. All of these methods have side effects that can affect the person getting adequate nutrition including: SIDE EFFECTS Loss of Appetite Changes in Taste and Smell Weight Loss or Gain Nausea and Vomiting Mouth or Throat Irritation Diarrhea Dry Mouth Lactose Intolerance Problems Dental and Gum Constipation Whether you experience these side effects will depend on many factors, including the type of cancer, the part of the body treated, and the type, duration, and dose of treatment. Some eating problems are caused by the treatment itself, but sometimes they are a result of the person feeling upset, worried or scared. While you are undergoing treatment for cancer, you should consult with a Nutritionist to make specific recommendations about proper nutrition. To obtain better nutrition, some general dietary recommendations can be followed, depending on the side effect: Loss of Appetite: It is recommended to consume small and frequent meals. You should have snacks high in calories and protein within reach, to consume them when you feel hungry. Example: Turrialba Cheese or Peanut Butter with non-dairy Crackers, Low-fat Yogurt or Nuts. Weight Loss: It is recommended to follow the recommendations when there is loss of appetite. Weight Gain: It is important to notify the doctor because it can often be fluid retention (edema). Whether it is fluid retention or body weight gain, you should consult with the Nutritionist. Mouth or Throat Irritation: You should consult your doctor to make sure it is not a dental problem. Eat soft foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Example: Some types of Smoothies, Bananas, Pureed or Canned Fruits, Nectars, Low-fat Yogurt, Mashed Potatoes, Macaroni in natural tomato sauce, Jellies, Flans with lactose-free and skim milk, Scrambled Eggs, Hot Cereals, Pureed Vegetables , Meat Purees etc. Dry Mouth: It is recommended to take a sip of water every 5 or 10 minutes so you can swallow better. You should consume sweet or acidic drinks, such as lemonade, suck on candy, lollipops or chewing gum to produce more saliva. Sauces and dressings can be added to foods and consumed pureed to make them easier to swallow. Changes in Taste and Smell: You may experience a bitter or metallic taste in foods, especially meats or other foods high in protein. Additionally, many foods may feel less flavorful. You should choose the most attractive foods to see and smell. If you do not want to consume beef or pork because of the flavor you feel, you can consume white meats such as poultry, fresh fish with little odor, eggs or dairy products. Foods can be marinated in sweet fruit juices, Italian dressing, or sweet and sour sauce. If you are experiencing discomfort from odors, it is recommended to serve food at room temperature. Nausea and Vomiting: You should ask your doctor about medications called antiemetics that can help control nausea and vomiting. It is recommended to avoid foods high in fat, spicy, acidic, very sweet and with a strong smell. Less liquids should be taken with meals. Take small sips of liquids throughout the day. Diarrhea: You should consult your doctor to identify the cause of diarrhea in order to treat it successfully. It is recommended to drink large amounts of fluids to replace lost water. Instead of eating three large meals, you should eat small meals throughout the day and avoid foods high in fat and irritants. Constipation: It is recommended to drink at least 8 8-ounce glasses a day and consume foods high in fiber, such as: Whole Grain Breads and Cereals, Dried and Fresh Fruits with Skin, Fresh Vegetables, Potatoes with Skin, Beans, Beans and Chickpeas. It is important to consult your doctor beforehand since, depending on the treatment, some foods are excluded from the diet. When cancer is diagnosed it is very important<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGeneralidades sobre Nutrici\u00f3n del Paciente con C\u00e1ncer - SigloXXI - Centro Me\u0301dico de Radioterapia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/siglo21.cr\/eng\/2024\/05\/28\/generalidades-sobre-nutricion-del-paciente-con-cancer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Generalidades sobre Nutrici\u00f3n del Paciente con C\u00e1ncer - SigloXXI - Centro Me\u0301dico de Radioterapia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Generalidades sobre Nutrici\u00f3n del Paciente con C\u00e1ncer Por: Dra. Meyryn Carrillo M\u00e9dico y Cirujano, M\u00e1ster en Nutrici\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica y Oncol\u00f3gica. La alimentaci\u00f3n es una parte importante para el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer. Si se mantiene una nutrici\u00f3n adecuada antes, durante y despu\u00e9s de su tratamiento se sentir\u00e1 mejor y con m\u00e1s fuerzas para realizar las tareas cotidianas. Las personas con c\u00e1ncer a menudo necesitan seguir una dieta diferente de lo que se considera saludable. Para la mayor\u00eda de las personas, una dieta saludable consiste en comer: Mucha fruta, verduras y pan integral y cereales Poca cantidad de carne y de productos l\u00e1cteos Peque\u00f1as cantidades de grasa, de az\u00facar, de alcohol y de sal Sin embargo, cuando se tiene c\u00e1ncer, se necesita comer para mantener la energ\u00eda con el fin de superar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento. Cuando la salud es buena, generalmente no es un problema comer suficientes alimentos. Pero, cuando se enfrenta al c\u00e1ncer y al tratamiento, esto puede ser un verdadero reto. Cuando hablamos del te\u0301rmino me\u0301dico \u00abintervalos elongados intra fraccio\u0301n\u00bb, nos referimos a la separacio\u0301n de tiempo entre las dosis de radiacio\u0301n dentro de un tratamiento. La administracio\u0301n de dosis fraccionadas permite que las ce\u0301lulas normales tengan tiempo para reparar el dan\u0303o causado por la radiacio\u0301n, mientras que las ce\u0301lulas cancerosas, que a menudo tienen una capacidad de reparacio\u0301n ma\u0301s limitada, pueden acumular dan\u0303o y eventualmente morir (Shibamoto, Miyakawa, Otsuka, & Iwata, 2016). Las personas experimentan diferentes emociones y reacciones f\u00edsicas antes, durante y despu\u00e9s del tratamiento para c\u00e1ncer. Una buena nutrici\u00f3n es muy importante para el paciente diagnosticado con alg\u00fan tipo de c\u00e1ncer porque ayuda a que se sienta mejor, a sobrellevar mejor el tratamiento m\u00e9dico recomendado y a luchar contra la enfermedad. Existen ocasiones en que la persona no puede consumir una alimentaci\u00f3n adecuada lo que puede causar p\u00e9rdida de peso y debilidad general. Cuando se diagnostica c\u00e1ncer, el m\u00e9dico puede recomendar uno de estos tratamientos, tales como: cirug\u00eda, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia hormonal y biol\u00f3gica (inmunoterapia) o alguna combinaci\u00f3n de \u00e9stos. Todos estos m\u00e9todos tienen efectos secundarios que pueden afectar que la persona obtenga una nutrici\u00f3n adecuada incluyendo: EFECTOS SECUNDARIOS P\u00e9rdida de Apetito Cambios en Gusto y Olfato P\u00e9rdida o Ganancia de Peso N\u00e1useas y V\u00f3mitos Irritaci\u00f3n de Boca o Garganta Diarrea Sequedad en Boca Intolerancia a la Lactosa Problemas Dentales y en las Enc\u00edas Estre\u00f1imiento El sentir estos efectos secundarios va a depender de muchos factores, incluyendo el tipo de c\u00e1ncer, la parte del cuerpo que ha recibido tratamiento, el tipo, la duraci\u00f3n y la dosis del tratamiento. Algunos problemas de alimentaci\u00f3n son causados por el propio tratamiento, pero a veces son a consecuencia de que la persona se siente disgustada, preocupada o asustada. Mientras se est\u00e1 bajo tratamiento para c\u00e1ncer se debe consultar con un(a) Nutricionista para que realice recomendaciones espec\u00edficas sobre una alimentaci\u00f3n adecuada. Para obtener una mejor nutrici\u00f3n se pueden seguir unas recomendaciones dietarias generales, seg\u00fan el efecto secundario: P\u00e9rdida de Apetito: Se recomienda consumir comidas peque\u00f1as y frecuentes. Se debe tener meriendas altas en calor\u00edas y prote\u00ednas al alcance, para consumirlas cuando se sienta hambre. Ejemplo: Queso Turrialba o Mantequilla de Man\u00ed con Galletas no l\u00e1cteas, Yogurt bajo en grasa o Nueces. P\u00e9rdida de Peso: Se recomienda seguir las recomendaciones cuando hay p\u00e9rdida de apetito. Ganancia de Peso: Es importante notificarlo al m\u00e9dico porque muchas veces puede ser retenci\u00f3n de l\u00edquidos (edema). Ya sea retenci\u00f3n de l\u00edquidos o ganancia de peso corporal, se debe consultar con el Nutricionista. Irritaci\u00f3n de Boca o Garganta: Se debe consultar al m\u00e9dico para asegurarse que no es un problema dental. Consuma alimentos blandos que sean f\u00e1ciles para masticar y tragar. Ejemplo: Algunos tipos de Batidos, Guineo, Frutas en Pur\u00e9 o Enlatadas, N\u00e9ctares, Yogurt bajo en grasa, Papas Majadas, Macarrones en salsa de tomate natural, Gelatinas, Flanes con leche deslactosada y descremada, Huevos Revueltos, Cereales Calientes, Vegetales en Pur\u00e9, Pur\u00e9s de Carnes etc. Sequedad en Boca: Se recomienda tomar un sorbo de agua cada 5 o 10 minutos para que pueda tragar mejor. Se debe consumir bebidas dulces o \u00e1cidas, como limonada, chupar caramelos, paletas o gomas de mascar para producir m\u00e1s saliva. Se le puede a\u00f1adir a los alimentos salsas y aderezos y consumirlos en pur\u00e9 para que sean m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de tragar. Cambios en Gusto y Olfato: Se puede sentir sabor amargo o met\u00e1lico en los alimentos, especialmente en las carnes u otros alimentos altos en prote\u00ednas. Adem\u00e1s, muchos alimentos se pueden sentir con menos sabor. Se debe elegir los alimentos m\u00e1s atractivos a la vista y el olfato. Si no se desea consumir carne de res o cerdo por el sabor que se siente, se puede consumir carnes blancas como aves, pescados frescos con poco olor, huevos o l\u00e1cteos. Los alimentos se pueden marinar en jugos de frutas dulces, aderezo italiano o salsa agridulce. Si se est\u00e1 sintiendo malestar con los olores, se recomienda servir los alimentos a temperatura ambiente. N\u00e1useas y V\u00f3mitos: Se debe preguntar al m\u00e9dico por los medicamentos llamados antiem\u00e9ticos que pueden ayudar a controlar las n\u00e1useas y los v\u00f3mitos. Se recomienda evitar los alimentos altos en grasas, picantes, \u00e1cidos, muy dulces y de olor fuerte. Se debe tomar menos l\u00edquidos en conjunto con las comidas. Tomar peque\u00f1os sorbos de l\u00edquidos durante el d\u00eda. Diarreas: Se debe consultar con el m\u00e9dico para identificar la causa de las diarreas para poder tratarla con \u00e9xito. Se recomienda tomar grandes cantidades de l\u00edquidos para reemplazar el agua perdida. En lugar de consumir tres comidas grandes se debe consumir peque\u00f1as comidas durante el d\u00eda y evitar las comidas altas en grasas e irritantes. Estre\u00f1imiento: Se recomienda tomar por lo menos 8 vasos de 8 onzas al d\u00eda y consumir alimentos altos en fibra, tales como: Panes y Cereales de Grano Entero, Frutas Secas y Frescas con Piel, Vegetales Frescos, Papa con Piel, Habichuelas, Frijoles y Garbanzos. Importante consultar previamente al m\u00e9dico ya que de acuerdo al tratamiento que lleve algunos alimentos se excluyen de la dieta. 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SigloXXI - Centro Me\u0301dico de Radioterapia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/siglo21.cr\/eng\/2024\/05\/28\/generalidades-sobre-nutricion-del-paciente-con-cancer\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Generalidades sobre Nutrici\u00f3n del Paciente con C\u00e1ncer - SigloXXI - Centro Me\u0301dico de Radioterapia","og_description":"Generalidades sobre Nutrici\u00f3n del Paciente con C\u00e1ncer Por: Dra. Meyryn Carrillo M\u00e9dico y Cirujano, M\u00e1ster en Nutrici\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica y Oncol\u00f3gica. La alimentaci\u00f3n es una parte importante para el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer. Si se mantiene una nutrici\u00f3n adecuada antes, durante y despu\u00e9s de su tratamiento se sentir\u00e1 mejor y con m\u00e1s fuerzas para realizar las tareas cotidianas. Las personas con c\u00e1ncer a menudo necesitan seguir una dieta diferente de lo que se considera saludable. Para la mayor\u00eda de las personas, una dieta saludable consiste en comer: Mucha fruta, verduras y pan integral y cereales Poca cantidad de carne y de productos l\u00e1cteos Peque\u00f1as cantidades de grasa, de az\u00facar, de alcohol y de sal Sin embargo, cuando se tiene c\u00e1ncer, se necesita comer para mantener la energ\u00eda con el fin de superar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento. Cuando la salud es buena, generalmente no es un problema comer suficientes alimentos. Pero, cuando se enfrenta al c\u00e1ncer y al tratamiento, esto puede ser un verdadero reto. Cuando hablamos del te\u0301rmino me\u0301dico \u00abintervalos elongados intra fraccio\u0301n\u00bb, nos referimos a la separacio\u0301n de tiempo entre las dosis de radiacio\u0301n dentro de un tratamiento. La administracio\u0301n de dosis fraccionadas permite que las ce\u0301lulas normales tengan tiempo para reparar el dan\u0303o causado por la radiacio\u0301n, mientras que las ce\u0301lulas cancerosas, que a menudo tienen una capacidad de reparacio\u0301n ma\u0301s limitada, pueden acumular dan\u0303o y eventualmente morir (Shibamoto, Miyakawa, Otsuka, & Iwata, 2016). Las personas experimentan diferentes emociones y reacciones f\u00edsicas antes, durante y despu\u00e9s del tratamiento para c\u00e1ncer. Una buena nutrici\u00f3n es muy importante para el paciente diagnosticado con alg\u00fan tipo de c\u00e1ncer porque ayuda a que se sienta mejor, a sobrellevar mejor el tratamiento m\u00e9dico recomendado y a luchar contra la enfermedad. Existen ocasiones en que la persona no puede consumir una alimentaci\u00f3n adecuada lo que puede causar p\u00e9rdida de peso y debilidad general. Cuando se diagnostica c\u00e1ncer, el m\u00e9dico puede recomendar uno de estos tratamientos, tales como: cirug\u00eda, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia hormonal y biol\u00f3gica (inmunoterapia) o alguna combinaci\u00f3n de \u00e9stos. Todos estos m\u00e9todos tienen efectos secundarios que pueden afectar que la persona obtenga una nutrici\u00f3n adecuada incluyendo: EFECTOS SECUNDARIOS P\u00e9rdida de Apetito Cambios en Gusto y Olfato P\u00e9rdida o Ganancia de Peso N\u00e1useas y V\u00f3mitos Irritaci\u00f3n de Boca o Garganta Diarrea Sequedad en Boca Intolerancia a la Lactosa Problemas Dentales y en las Enc\u00edas Estre\u00f1imiento El sentir estos efectos secundarios va a depender de muchos factores, incluyendo el tipo de c\u00e1ncer, la parte del cuerpo que ha recibido tratamiento, el tipo, la duraci\u00f3n y la dosis del tratamiento. Algunos problemas de alimentaci\u00f3n son causados por el propio tratamiento, pero a veces son a consecuencia de que la persona se siente disgustada, preocupada o asustada. Mientras se est\u00e1 bajo tratamiento para c\u00e1ncer se debe consultar con un(a) Nutricionista para que realice recomendaciones espec\u00edficas sobre una alimentaci\u00f3n adecuada. Para obtener una mejor nutrici\u00f3n se pueden seguir unas recomendaciones dietarias generales, seg\u00fan el efecto secundario: P\u00e9rdida de Apetito: Se recomienda consumir comidas peque\u00f1as y frecuentes. Se debe tener meriendas altas en calor\u00edas y prote\u00ednas al alcance, para consumirlas cuando se sienta hambre. Ejemplo: Queso Turrialba o Mantequilla de Man\u00ed con Galletas no l\u00e1cteas, Yogurt bajo en grasa o Nueces. P\u00e9rdida de Peso: Se recomienda seguir las recomendaciones cuando hay p\u00e9rdida de apetito. Ganancia de Peso: Es importante notificarlo al m\u00e9dico porque muchas veces puede ser retenci\u00f3n de l\u00edquidos (edema). Ya sea retenci\u00f3n de l\u00edquidos o ganancia de peso corporal, se debe consultar con el Nutricionista. Irritaci\u00f3n de Boca o Garganta: Se debe consultar al m\u00e9dico para asegurarse que no es un problema dental. Consuma alimentos blandos que sean f\u00e1ciles para masticar y tragar. Ejemplo: Algunos tipos de Batidos, Guineo, Frutas en Pur\u00e9 o Enlatadas, N\u00e9ctares, Yogurt bajo en grasa, Papas Majadas, Macarrones en salsa de tomate natural, Gelatinas, Flanes con leche deslactosada y descremada, Huevos Revueltos, Cereales Calientes, Vegetales en Pur\u00e9, Pur\u00e9s de Carnes etc. Sequedad en Boca: Se recomienda tomar un sorbo de agua cada 5 o 10 minutos para que pueda tragar mejor. Se debe consumir bebidas dulces o \u00e1cidas, como limonada, chupar caramelos, paletas o gomas de mascar para producir m\u00e1s saliva. Se le puede a\u00f1adir a los alimentos salsas y aderezos y consumirlos en pur\u00e9 para que sean m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de tragar. Cambios en Gusto y Olfato: Se puede sentir sabor amargo o met\u00e1lico en los alimentos, especialmente en las carnes u otros alimentos altos en prote\u00ednas. Adem\u00e1s, muchos alimentos se pueden sentir con menos sabor. Se debe elegir los alimentos m\u00e1s atractivos a la vista y el olfato. Si no se desea consumir carne de res o cerdo por el sabor que se siente, se puede consumir carnes blancas como aves, pescados frescos con poco olor, huevos o l\u00e1cteos. Los alimentos se pueden marinar en jugos de frutas dulces, aderezo italiano o salsa agridulce. Si se est\u00e1 sintiendo malestar con los olores, se recomienda servir los alimentos a temperatura ambiente. N\u00e1useas y V\u00f3mitos: Se debe preguntar al m\u00e9dico por los medicamentos llamados antiem\u00e9ticos que pueden ayudar a controlar las n\u00e1useas y los v\u00f3mitos. Se recomienda evitar los alimentos altos en grasas, picantes, \u00e1cidos, muy dulces y de olor fuerte. Se debe tomar menos l\u00edquidos en conjunto con las comidas. Tomar peque\u00f1os sorbos de l\u00edquidos durante el d\u00eda. Diarreas: Se debe consultar con el m\u00e9dico para identificar la causa de las diarreas para poder tratarla con \u00e9xito. Se recomienda tomar grandes cantidades de l\u00edquidos para reemplazar el agua perdida. En lugar de consumir tres comidas grandes se debe consumir peque\u00f1as comidas durante el d\u00eda y evitar las comidas altas en grasas e irritantes. Estre\u00f1imiento: Se recomienda tomar por lo menos 8 vasos de 8 onzas al d\u00eda y consumir alimentos altos en fibra, tales como: Panes y Cereales de Grano Entero, Frutas Secas y Frescas con Piel, Vegetales Frescos, Papa con Piel, Habichuelas, Frijoles y Garbanzos. Importante consultar previamente al m\u00e9dico ya que de acuerdo al tratamiento que lleve algunos alimentos se excluyen de la dieta. 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