{"id":281,"date":"2024-04-23T20:55:58","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T20:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/siglo21.cr.sinlimitescr.xyz\/?p=281"},"modified":"2025-06-27T13:31:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T19:31:49","slug":"cancer-colorrectal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/siglo21.cr\/eng\/2024\/04\/23\/cancer-colorrectal\/","title":{"rendered":"Colorectal cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"
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C\u00e1ncer Colorrectal y su tratamiento\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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What is colorectal cancer?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Colorectal cancer is a disease that originates in the colon or rectum. Accurate preoperative staging allows for the correct classification of patients for the various existing therapies, as well as the selection of the best surgical treatment.<\/p>

It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Early detection significantly improves the prognosis, and among the most commonly used treatments are radiation therapies, especially external radiotherapy.<\/p>

The use of radiotherapy helps reduce tumors, relieve symptoms, and improve the effectiveness of other treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy.\u00a0<\/p>

Keep reading to learn more about our available treatment options.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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RISK FACTOR'S<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Aging is the most important risk factor for most cancers. Other risk factors for colorectal cancer include:\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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FAMILY BACKGROUND: <\/span>Colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative.<\/p>

PERSONAL HISTORY: <\/span>From colorectal adenomas, colorectal cancer or ovarian cancer.<\/p>

Hereditary Conditions: <\/span>Such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer [HNPCC])<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION<\/span><\/p>

TOBACCO<\/span><\/p>

AFRICAN AMERICAN RACE OR ETHNICITY<\/span><\/p>

OBESITY<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Clinical Features<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Colorectal cancer can develop without causing discomfort in its early stages, but as it progresses, symptoms may appear such as persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation), rectal bleeding, dark or bloody stools, frequent abdominal pain, unexplained fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.<\/p>

Recognizing these signs early is key to an early diagnosis and more effective treatment.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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SYMPTOMS: <\/span>Rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, change in appetite, weight loss, weakness.<\/p>

With the exception of symptoms of obstruction, these symptoms do not always correlate with the stage of the disease or signify a particular diagnosis.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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DIAGNOSIS: <\/span>The diagnosis of colorectal cancer is made through various medical tests that detect tumors or abnormalities in the colon and rectum.<\/p>

The most common tests include colonoscopy, which allows direct visualization of the inside of the intestine and the collection of biopsies, as well as exams such as the fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, and imaging studies like computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Timely diagnosis is essential to start appropriate treatment promptly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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STAGING<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In patients with colorectal cancer, staging is essential not only to estimate the prognosis but also to define the different therapeutic options.<\/p>

Let\u2019s remember that the surgeon must decide whether the patient should undergo preoperative chemo-radiotherapy, choose the surgical technique (anterior resection with or without preservation of the sphincter apparatus, transanal local resection), and thoroughly discuss the potential sequelae.<\/p>

For all these decisions, it is essential to perform an optimal preoperative study and staging. This staging will change in patients undergoing preoperative chemo-radiotherapy, as its effectiveness will result in a significant reduction of the tumor mass (both in the wall and lymph nodes) in more than 70% of patients, and even a complete tumor response in approximately 10 to 20% of them.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Below are the details of some of these treatments:<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

SURGICAL TREATMENT: <\/span>Surgery is the fundamental basis for the successful treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Its objective is the removal of the primary tumor and any loco-regional extension that may have occurred, without causing tumor spread and with the best quality of life for the patient.<\/p>

CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT: <\/span>When choosing the chemotherapy regimen to be administered, the activity and tolerance of the chemotherapy regimen and a series of factors that depend on the patient (will, general condition, comorbidity, etc.) are taken into account. It increases survival and can be given palliatively in very advanced cancers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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RADIOTHERAPY TREATMENT: <\/span>The use of radiotherapy as part of the treatment for malignant neoplasms is becoming increasingly widespread.<\/p>

In locally advanced primary colorectal cancer, several studies have demonstrated its efficacy, showing a decrease in local recurrence and an increase in disease-free survival, both when administered preoperatively and postoperatively.<\/p>

Emerging developments such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) are being evaluated. These techniques offer the possibility of delivering higher doses of radiotherapy without affecting normal or healthy tissue.<\/p>

Currently, the Centro M\u00e9dico de Radioterapia Siglo XXI has the technology and expertise to treat this type of disease, ensuring the protection of surrounding organs and tissues, thereby providing a higher quality of life for the patient.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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When is radiation therapy used to treat colorectal cancer?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Before and\/or after surgery to help prevent the cancer from coming back. In this case, it is often given together with chemotherapy. Many doctors now favor giving radiation therapy before surgery because it can make it easier to remove the cancerous tumor.<\/p>\n

With or without chemotherapy to help control rectal cancers in people who are not healthy enough to have surgery or to relieve symptoms in people with advanced cancer that is causing intestinal blockage, bleeding, or pain.<\/p>\n

To re-treat tumors that have returned in the pelvic region after undergoing radiotherapy.<\/p>\n

To help treat cancer that has spread to other areas (Metastases), such as bones, liver, brain.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ncer Colorrectal y su tratamiento \u00bfQu\u00e9 es el c\u00e1ncer Colorrectal? El c\u00e1ncer colorrectal es una enfermedad que se origina en el colon o el recto, una precisa estadificaci\u00f3n preoperatoria permite clasificar correctamente a los pacientes para las diversas terapias existentes, as\u00ed como seleccionar el mejor tratamiento quir\u00fargico. Es uno de los tipos de c\u00e1ncer m\u00e1s comunes a nivel mundial. Su detecci\u00f3n temprana mejora significativamente el pron\u00f3stico, y entre los tratamientos m\u00e1s utilizados se encuentran las terapias de radiaci\u00f3n, especialmente la radioterapia externa. La aplicaci\u00f3n de Radioterapia ayuda a reducir tumores, aliviar s\u00edntomas y mejorar la efectividad de otros tratamientos como la cirug\u00eda o la quimioterapia.\u00a0 Contin\u00faa leyendo para conocer m\u00e1s de nuestras opciones de tratamiento disponibles. FACTORES DE RIESGO El envejecimiento es el factor de riesgo m\u00e1s importante para la mayor\u00eda de c\u00e1nceres. Otros factores de riesgo del c\u00e1ncer colorrectal son los siguientes: ANTECEDENTES FAMILIARES: De c\u00e1ncer colorrectal en un pariente de primer grado. ANTECEDENTES PERSONALES: De adenomas colorrectales, c\u00e1ncer colorrectal o c\u00e1ncer de ovario. Afecciones Hereditarias: Como la poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) y el s\u00edndrome de Lynch (c\u00e1ncer de colon sin poliposis hereditario [HNPCC]) CONSUMO EXCESIVO DE ALCOHOL TABAQUISMO RAZA U ORIGEN \u00c9TNICO AFROAMERICANO OBESIDAD Caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas El c\u00e1ncer colorrectal puede desarrollarse sin causar molestias en sus etapas iniciales, pero a medida que avanza, pueden aparecer s\u00edntomas como cambios persistentes en el ritmo intestinal (diarrea, estre\u00f1imiento o sensaci\u00f3n de evacuaci\u00f3n incompleta), sangrado rectal, heces oscuras o con sangre, dolor abdominal frecuente, fatiga sin causa aparente y p\u00e9rdida de peso inexplicada. Reconocer estos signos a tiempo es clave para un diagn\u00f3stico temprano y un tratamiento m\u00e1s efectivo. S\u00cdNTOMAS: Hemorragia rectal, cambio del h\u00e1bito intestinal, dolor abdominal, Obstrucci\u00f3n intestinal, cambio en el apetito, P\u00e9rdida de peso, debilidad. Con excepci\u00f3n de los s\u00edntomas de obstrucci\u00f3n, estos s\u00edntomas no siempre se correlacionan con el estadio de la enfermedad ni significan un diagn\u00f3stico en particular. \u00a0 DIAGN\u00d3STICO: El diagn\u00f3stico del c\u00e1ncer colorrectal se realiza a trav\u00e9s de diferentes estudios m\u00e9dicos que permiten detectar tumores o anomal\u00edas en el colon y el recto. Las pruebas m\u00e1s comunes incluyen la colonoscopia, que permite observar directamente el interior del intestino y tomar biopsias, adem\u00e1s de ex\u00e1menes como la prueba de sangre oculta en heces, la sigmoidoscopia y estudios por im\u00e1genes como la tomograf\u00eda computarizada (TAC) o la resonancia magn\u00e9tica. Un diagn\u00f3stico oportuno es fundamental para iniciar el tratamiento adecuado a tiempo. ESTADIFICACI\u00d3N En pacientes con c\u00e1ncer colorrectal, la estadificaci\u00f3n es fundamental no s\u00f3lo para estimar el pron\u00f3stico sino en definir las distintas alternativas terap\u00e9uticas. Recordemos que el cirujano debe decidir si el paciente debe ser sometido a quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria, decidir la t\u00e9cnica quir\u00fargica (resecci\u00f3n anterior con o sin preservaci\u00f3n del aparato esfinteriano, resecci\u00f3n local trans anal) y discutir en forma detallada las eventuales secuelas. Para todas estas decisiones es imprescindible el realizar un \u00f3ptimo estudio y estadificaci\u00f3n preoperatoria. Esta estadificaci\u00f3n sufrir\u00e1 cambios en los pacientes sometidos a quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria ya que como producto de su efectividad se obtendr\u00e1 una marcada reducci\u00f3n de la masa tumoral (pared y ganglionar) en m\u00e1s del 70% de los pacientes e incluso una respuesta tumoral completa en alrededor de un 10 a 20% de ellos. A continuacio\u0301n, el detalle de algunas de estos tratamientos: TRATAMIENTO QUIR\u00daRGICO: La cirug\u00eda es la base fundamental del tratamiento con \u00e9xito del carcinoma colorrectal. Su objetivo es la extirpaci\u00f3n del tumor primario y de cualquier extensi\u00f3n loco-regional que haya podido producirse, sin provocar diseminaci\u00f3n tumoral y con la mejor calidad de vida para el paciente. TRATAMIENTO DE QUIMIOTERAPIA: En la elecci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen de quimioterapia a administrar, se tiene en cuenta la actividad y tolerancia del esquema de quimioterapia y una serie de factores que dependen del paciente (voluntad, estado general, comorbilidad, etc). Aumenta la supervivencia y se puede dar de manera paliativa en canceres muy avanzados. TRATAMIENTO POR RADIOTERAPIA: El uso de la radioterapia como parte del tratamiento de las neoplasias malignas est\u00e1 cada vez m\u00e1s extendido. En el c\u00e1ncer primario colorrectal localmente avanzado, varios estudios han demostrado su eficacia, con una disminuci\u00f3n de la recidiva local y un aumento de la supervivencia libre de enfermedad, tanto en su administraci\u00f3n preoperatoria como postoperatoria. Desarrollos emergentes como la radioterapia con intensidad modulada (IMRT), radioterapia guiada por imagen (IGRT) y radioterapia estereot\u00e1ctica (SBRT) est\u00e1n siendo evaluados. Estas t\u00e9cnicas ofrecen la posibilidad de dar mayor radioterapia sin involucrar tejido normal o sano. Actualmente el Centro M\u00e9dico de Radioterapia Siglo XXI\u00a0cuenta con la tecnolog\u00eda y experiencia para tratar este tipo de enfermedades, garantizando la protecci\u00f3n de \u00f3rganos y tejidos circundantes, brindando as\u00ed una mayor calidad de vida para el paciente. \u00a0 \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se utiliza la radioterapia para tratar el c\u00e1ncer colorrectal? Antes y\/o despu\u00e9s de la cirug\u00eda para ayudar a evitar que el c\u00e1ncer regrese. En este caso, se administra a menudo junto con la quimioterapia. Actualmente, muchos m\u00e9dicos favorecen administrar la radioterapia antes de la cirug\u00eda, ya que puede hacer m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil la extracci\u00f3n del tumor canceroso. Con o sin quimioterapia para ayudar a controlar los c\u00e1nceres rectales en las personas que no est\u00e1n lo suficientemente saludables como para someterse a una cirug\u00eda o para aliviar los s\u00edntomas en las personas con c\u00e1ncer avanzado que est\u00e9 causando bloqueo intestinal, sangrado o dolor. Para volver a someter a tratamiento los tumores que hayan regresado en la regi\u00f3n p\u00e9lvica tras haberse sometido a radioterapia. Para ayudar a tratar el c\u00e1ncer que se ha propagado a otras \u00e1reas (Met\u00e1stasis), tal como los huesos, h\u00edgado cerebro.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tipos-cancer"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ncer Colorrectal - SigloXXI - Centro Me\u0301dico de Radioterapia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uno de los c\u00e1ncer m\u00e1s comunes en el mundo. 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